Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Semen Ricinui communis |
Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Ricinus communis L. |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | himashi |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ |
pi-ma-ja |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | bei6 maa4 ci2 |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | hong ma 紅麻，cao ma 草麻，ba ma zi 八麻子，niu bi 牛蓖。 |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | castor bean |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ |
bitter, acrid, neutral, toxic. 甘，辛，平，有毒。 |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | liver, spleen, lung. 肝，脾，肺。 |
| Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | |
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ |
for treatment of abscess, tuberculosis of lymph nodes of the neck, acute
and chronic pharyngitis, edema, ascites, constipation.
Leaves are
toxic； being used in beriberi, nose bleeding and cough with
phlegm and
asthma.
治癰疽腫毒，瘰疬 (頸部淋巴結結核)，喉痺 (急.慢性咽炎)，疥癩癬瘡，
水腫腹滿，大便燥結。
蓖麻葉：有毒，能治腳氣風腫，止鼻血，亦治痰喘咳嗽
|
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ |
脂肪油(蓖麻油) (fat, castor oil)，油中含順蓖麻酸(ricinoleic
acid)，
亞油酸 (linoleic acid)，油酸(fatty acid)等，并含蓖麻毒蛋白D(ricin
D)，
酸性毒蛋白(acid ricin)，堿性毒蛋白(basic ricin)，蓖麻堿(ricinine)，
芹菜甙元(apigenin)，綠原酸(chlorogenic acid)，蕓香甙(rutin)等。 |
Dosage: 用量﹕ |
Usually not
used in decoction. Being used in pills or powder form.
For
adult: 1.5～5g (stir fried semen).
External application: use appropriate amount.
成人：1.5～5g（炒）不入煎剤。一般入丸散; 外用適量。 |
Samples of formulae:
處方舉例﹕ | |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | |
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | The estimated lethal dose in man is 1 mg/kg:
(Kopferschmitt, 1983). Two to four seeds may cause severe poisoning in an adult, and 8 are generally fatal (Wedin; 1986), Hardin, 1974).
If seeds are swallowed without chewing, poisoning is unlikely.
Children: One to three seeds can be fatal to a child (Weding, 1986).
Poisoning reaction: intense gastroenteritis and acute dehydration.
Renal and hepatic insufficiency have been reported.
[1]致死量為 1mg/kg. 成人服2~4 粒蓖麻籽能致嚴重中毒。八粒常致死。
致死量為 1mg/kg. 成人服2~4 粒蓖麻籽能致嚴重中毒。八粒常致死。
如果隻吞服沒咬爛較不可能中毒。小兒服3粒可能致命。 中毒反應：嚴重腸胃炎。有報導有致肝與腎功能不足。 |